Gum disease is caused by plaque—consisting of bacteria and food remnants—which hardens to form tartar. It is the underlying cause of nearly all cases of bad breath. Sometimes, gum disease requires multi-disciplinary treatment.
It is a misconception that bleeding gums are a sign of brushing too vigorously. They are in fact a sign of gum disease. Other signs are red or swollen gums, bad breath, loose or moving teeth, and shrinking gums.
Early stage gum disease, or gingivitis, is reversible and requires 6-monthly cleaning at the dentist. More advanced gum disease may require root planning or surgery. Sometimes replacement of filling and other restorations is necessary.
The gums are the foundations for your teeth, which is why keeping them healthy is important. The best way to prevent gum disease is with effective oral hygiene. Smoking is also a factor—it reduces the blood flow to the gums, which reduces the success of treatment. Cutting down or quitting altogether will help improve oral health.
